Protocol Architecture

BSP is an open standard that defines how biological data is structured, stored, exchanged, and governed. It operates in three layers.

The Three Layers

Layer	What It Defines
Layer 1 — Identity	Who holds the data. Every individual and every institution in the BSP ecosystem has a permanent, decentralized identity: the Biological Entity Object (BEO) or Institutional Entity Object (IEO).
Layer 2 — Data	What the data contains. Every biological measurement is structured as a BioRecord — a standardized, immutable unit of biological information anchored to a specific BEO and classified under the BSP taxonomy.
Layer 3 — Exchange	How data moves. The BSP Exchange Protocol defines the format of requests and responses between systems — how any system sends data to a BEO, how a platform requests access, how an AI engine queries a complete biological history.

The Biological Entity Object (BEO)

The BEO is the sovereign biological identity of every individual in the BSP ecosystem. It is the center of gravity of the entire protocol.

A BEO is not an account on a platform. It is a permanent identity, registered on the Aptos blockchain via Move smart contracts and with associated data stored on Arweave, controlled exclusively by the individual through a private key. Every BEO is identified by a human-readable .bsp domain — a permanent biological address (e.g., andre.bsp).

The BioRecord

Every biological measurement — a blood test result, a genomic marker, a wearable reading, an imaging report — is represented as a BioRecord.

Any system can attempt to submit a BioRecord to a BEO. What governs access is the consent of the BEO holder, encoded in the AccessControl smart contract on Aptos. BioRecords are immutable once written.

Dual-Layer Infrastructure

BSP uses a dual-layer blockchain architecture:

• Execution Layer (Aptos): Smart contracts written in Move manage BEO identities, .bsp domain registrations, access permissions, and consent tokens. Aptos provides sub-second finality, native Ed25519 signatures, and Move's resource model ensures assets cannot be duplicated or lost.
• Permanent Storage Layer (Arweave): Biological data (BioRecords) is stored on Arweave — a permanent, decentralized storage protocol designed to preserve data for 200+ years.

This separation ensures that the rules of the protocol cannot be changed by any single actor, while biological data persists permanently.

The Sovereignty Model

The technical architecture of BSP is designed to make individual sovereignty the default:

• Permanent ownership: The individual owns their BEO and all BioRecords within it for life.
• Granular consent: Every third-party access request requires explicit BEO-holder consent.
• Open submission: Any system can submit BioRecords to a BEO — subject to the holder's consent.
• Portability: Any data in a BEO can be exported in BSP-standard format at any time.
• Immutability: BioRecords cannot be altered or deleted once written.
• Cryptographic control: Access is controlled by private keys held by the individual.